Physician Readiness for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Practice
An Analysis of the Medical Education Landscape
This report seeks to map US physicians’ Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy and challenges in education and workflow, identify factors impacting AI’s use in patient care, and support our member societies and the broader community in preparing physicians for AI-enabled practice across the medical education continuum.
Explore the Physician Landscape Analysis
Given their deep expertise in integrating AI into medical education and clinical practice, CMSS partnered with Dr. Cornelius James at the University of Michigan to conduct this comprehensive literature review of physician AI readiness. Physician AI readiness is defined as “the capacity of physicians to safely, effectively, ethically, and accountably evaluate, use, supervise, and help improve AI-enabled tools in clinical practice, within appropriate team, institutional, regulatory, and learning health system.”
This analysis maps AI literacy and readiness across the continuum of medical education, including Undergraduate (UME), Graduate (GME), and Continuing (CME) Medical Education. The literature review was supplemented with key informant interviews across leading medical organizations, as well as CMSS communities (OPDA and CPD Professional Peer Group).
The report synthesizes current efforts to prepare physicians for AI-enabled practice across the continuum, identify gaps, and prioritize opportunities for future work.
Contributors
Many thanks to the Project Teams at the University of Michigan Medical School and CMSS for their contributions to this report. Special thanks to Suzanne Miyamoto, PhD, RN, FAAN, and her team at the American Academy of Nursing for their collaboration and to Pete Clardy, MD, at Google for Health for his wise counsel.
Contact:
Julia Peterson, CAE, CMSS Chief Operating Officer
Attribution
This report was created with support from Google.org. Any findings or conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of Google.org.

